Chapter 02
The Chemistry of Life

True / False Questions
 
1.  Minerals are organic elements extracted from the soil by plants.  
FALSE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: O01.01e List the important dietary minerals and describe the major uses of each mineral in the body.
HAPS Topic: Module O01 Nutrition.
Learning Outcome: 02.01c State the functions of minerals in the body.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
2. Molecules composed of two or more atoms are called compounds. 
FALSE

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C01.03 Compare and contrast the terms atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds.
HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules.
Learning Outcome: 02.01b Distinguish between chemical elements and compounds.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
3. Hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium are three isotopes of hydrogen. 
TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C01.01c Explain how ions and isotopes are produced by changing the relative number of specific subatomic particles with respect to the structure of an atom.
HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules.
Learning Outcome: 02.01d Explain the basis for radioactivity and the types and hazards of ionizing radiation.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

4.  Potassium, sodium, and chlorine are trace elements.  
FALSE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C01.03 Compare and contrast the terms atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds.
HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules.
Learning Outcome: 02.01b Distinguish between chemical elements and compounds.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
5.  Ionic bonds break apart in water more easily than covalent bonds do.  
TRUE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C02.01a List each type of bond in order by relative strength with respect to non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds.
HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding.
Learning Outcome: 02.01f Define the types of chemical bonds.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
6.  A solution is a mixture of two or more substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined.  
TRUE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C03.02 Distinguish among the terms solution, solute, solvent, colloid suspension, and emulsion.
HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions.
Learning Outcome: 02.02c Show how three kinds of mixtures differ from each other.
Section: 02.02
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
7. The pH of blood plasma is approximately 7.4, which is slightly acidic. 
FALSE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C03.05 State acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH values.
HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions.
Learning Outcome: 02.02e Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale.
Section: 02.02
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
8. The high heat capacity of water makes it a very ineffective coolant. 
FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C03.01 Discuss the physiologically important properties of water.
HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions.
Learning Outcome: 02.02b Describe the biologically important properties of water.
Section: 02.02
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
9. In an exchange reaction, covalent bonds are broken and new covalent bonds are formed. 
TRUE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.03c List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
10.  Chemical reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones are called catabolic reactions.  
TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remembers
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism.
HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism.
Learning Outcome: 02.03e Define metabolism and its two subdivisions.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
11. The opposite of a dehydration synthesis reaction is a hydrolysis reaction. 
TRUE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.03c List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
12. Unsaturated fatty acids have as much hydrogen as they can carry. 
FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04b Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04e Discuss the types and functions of lipids.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
13. A dipeptide is a molecule with two peptide bonds. 
FALSE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04a Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04f Discuss protein structure and function.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
14. All amino acids have both a carboxyl group and an amino group attached to a central carbon. 
TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04b Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04f Discuss protein structure and function.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
15.  ATP is the body's most important form of long-term energy storage.  
FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.
HAPS Topic: Module C05 Energy transfer using ATP.
Learning Outcome: 02.04h Describe the structure, production, and function of ATP.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 

Multiple Choice Questions
 
16. The most abundant element in the human body, by weight, is __________. 
A. nitrogen
B. hydrogen
C. carbon
D. oxygen
E. calcium

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C01.03 Compare and contrast the terms atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds.
HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules.
Learning Outcome: 02.01a Name the chemical elements of the body from their chemical symbols.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
17. Sodium has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. Sodium has __________. 
A. 12 neutrons and 11 protons
B. 12 protons and 11 neutrons
C. 12 electrons and 11 neutrons
D. 12 protons and 11 electrons
E. 12 electrons and 11 protons

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C01.01d Distinguish among the terms atomic number, mass number and atomic weight with respect to the structure of an atom.
HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules.
Learning Outcome: 02.01a Name the chemical elements of the body from their chemical symbols.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
18. The chemical properties of an atom are determined by its __________. 
A. protons
B. electrons
C. neutrons
D. protons and neutrons
E. particles

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C01.01b Relate the number of electrons in an electron shell to an atoms chemical stability and its ability to form chemical bonds with respect to the structure of an atom.
HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules.
Learning Outcome: 02.01b Distinguish between chemical elements and compounds.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
19.  Na (atomic no. 11) reacts with Cl (atomic no. 17) to become stable. In the reaction, Na will ____________, while Cl will ____________.  
A.  accept one electron; give up one electron 
B.  give up one proton; accept one proton 
C.  share one electron with chlorine; share one electron with sodium 
D.  become an anion; become a cation 
E.  give up one electron; accept one electron 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C02.01b Explain the mechanism of each type of non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds.
HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding.
Learning Outcome: 02.01f Define the types of chemical bonds.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
20.  Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and an atomic mass of 16. How many valence electrons does it have?  
A.  2 
B.  4 
C.  6 
D.  8 
E.  16 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C01.01d Distinguish among the terms atomic number, mass number and atomic weight with respect to the structure of an atom.
HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules.
Learning Outcome: 02.01b Distinguish between chemical elements and compounds.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
21. Oxygen has an atomic number of eight. When two oxygen atoms come together, they form a(n) __________ bond. 
A. hydrogen
B. nonpolar covalent
C. polar covalent
D. ionic
E. Van der Waals

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C02.01b Explain the mechanism of each type of non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds.
HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding.
Learning Outcome: 02.01f Define the types of chemical bonds.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
22. When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water __________. 
A. Na+ and Cl- form ionic bonds with each other
B. Na+ and Cl- form polar covalent bonds with each other
C. Na+ and Cl- form hydrogen bonds with water
D. Ionic bonds between Na+ and Cl- are broken
E. Na+ and Cl- become separated by their Van der Waals forces

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C02.01b Explain the mechanism of each type of non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds.
HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding.
Learning Outcome: 02.01f Define the types of chemical bonds.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
23. The bonding properties of an atom are determined by its __________. 
A. electrons
B. protons
C. positrons
D. neutrons
E. photons

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C01.01b Relate the number of electrons in an electron shell to an atoms chemical stability and its ability to form chemical bonds with respect to the structure of an atom.
HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules.
Learning Outcome: 02.01f Define the types of chemical bonds.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
24.  What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another?  
A.  An ionic bond 
B.  A peptide bond 
C.  A hydrogen bond 
D.  A covalent bond 
E.  A hydrolytic bond 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C02.01b Explain the mechanism of each type of non-polar covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds.
HAPS Topic: Module C02 Chemical bonding.
Learning Outcome: 02.01f Define the types of chemical bonds.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

Check All That Apply Questions
 
25.  Which of these is a cation? Check all that apply.  
_____  O2 
__X__  K+ 
__X__  Na+ 
__X__  Ca2+ 
_____  Cl- 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C01.02 Compare and contrast the terms ions, electrolytes, free radicals, isotopes and radioisotopes.
HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules.
Learning Outcome: 02.01e Distinguish between ions, electrolytes, and free radicals.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 

Multiple Choice Questions
 
26. __________ account for 98.5% of the body's weight. 
A. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
B. Carbon, oxygen, iron, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
C. Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chlorine
D. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, and potassium
E. Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C01.03 Compare and contrast the terms atoms, molecules, elements, and compounds.
HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules.
Learning Outcome: 02.01a Name the chemical elements of the body from their chemical symbols.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
27. __________ differ from one another in their number of neutrons and atomic mass. 
A. Cations
B. Anions
C. Isotopes
D. Electrolytes
E. Free radicals

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C01.02 Compare and contrast the terms ions, electrolytes, free radicals, isotopes and radioisotopes.
HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules.
Learning Outcome: 02.01d Explain the basis for radioactivity and the types and hazards of ionizing radiation.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
28.  When jumping into water you notice resistance. This resistance is caused by water's __________.  
A.  adhesiveness 
B.  cohesiveness 
C.  hydrophobic tension 
D.  hydrophilic tension 
E.  osmotic equilibrium 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C03.01 Discuss the physiologically important properties of water.
HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions.
Learning Outcome: 02.02b Describe the biologically important properties of water.
Section: 02.02
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
29.  Which of these is hydrophobic?  
A.  Glucose 
B.  K+ 
C.  Cl- 
D.  Water 
E.  Fat 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C03.01 Discuss the physiologically important properties of water.
HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions.
Learning Outcome: 02.02b Describe the biologically important properties of water.
Section: 02.02
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
30. Blood contains NaCl, protein, and cells. The NaCl is in a(n) __________, the protein is in a(n) __________, and the cells are in a __________. 
A. emulsion; solution; suspension
B. solvent; emulsion; colloid
C. colloid; suspension; solution
D. suspension; colloid; solution
E. solution; colloid; suspension

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C03.02 Distinguish among the terms solution, solute, solvent, colloid suspension, and emulsion.
HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions.
Learning Outcome: 02.02c Show how three kinds of mixtures differ from each other.
Section: 02.02
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
31. Which of these is the most appropriate to express the number of molecules per volume? 
A. Molarity
B. Volume
C. Percentage
D. Weight per volume
E. Milliequivalents per liter

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C03.02 Distinguish among the terms solution, solute, solvent, colloid suspension, and emulsion.
HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions.
Learning Outcome: 02.02d Discuss some ways in which the concentration of a solution can be expressed, and explain why different expressions of concentration are used for different purposes.
Section: 02.02
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
32.  A solution with pH 4 has __________ the H+ concentration of a solution with pH 8.  
A.  ½ 
B.  2 times 
C.  4 times 
D.  10,000 times 
E.  1/10,000 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C03.04 Define the terms pH, acid, base, and buffer and give examples of physiological significance.
HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions.
Learning Outcome: 02.02e Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale.
Section: 02.02
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
33.  Which of these has the highest H+ concentration?  
A.  Lemon juice, pH = 2.3 
B.  Red wine, pH = 3.2 
C.  Tomato juice, pH = 4.7 
D.  Saliva, pH = 6.6 
E.  Household ammonia, pH = 10.8 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C03.05 State acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH values.
HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions.
Learning Outcome: 02.02e Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale.
Section: 02.02
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
34.  In a workout your muscle cells produce lactic acid, yet you maintain a constant blood pH because _________.  
A.  metabolic acids are neutralized in muscle cells before released into the blood 
B.  metabolic bases are produced at the same rate by muscle cells to neutralize the acids 
C.  the respiratory system removes excess H+ from the blood before the pH is lowered 
D.  the body contains chemicals called buffers that resist changes in pH 
E.  endothelial cells secrete excess H+ to prevent a decrease in pH 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C03.04 Define the terms pH, acid, base, and buffer and give examples of physiological significance.
HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions.
Learning Outcome: 02.02e Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale.
Section: 02.02
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
35.  A solution that resists a change in pH when an acid or base is added to it is a(n) __________.  
A.  buffer 
B.  catalyst 
C.  reducing agent 
D.  oxidizing agent 
E.  colloid 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C03.04 Define the terms pH, acid, base, and buffer and give examples of physiological significance.
HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions.
Learning Outcome: 02.02e Define acid and base and interpret the pH scale.
Section: 02.02
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
36. A chemical reaction that removes electrons from an atom is called a(n) __________ reaction. 
A. reduction
B. condensation
C. hydrolysis
D. anabolic
E. oxidation

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: O02.05 Describe the processes of oxidation, reduction, decarboxylation, and phosphorylation.
HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism.
Learning Outcome: 02.03c List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
37. The most relevant free energy in human physiology is the energy stored in __________. 
A. electrolytes ionized in water
B. free radicals with an odd number of electrons
C. radioisotopes
D. the chemical bonds of organic molecules
E. Van der Waals forces

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism.
HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism.
Learning Outcome: 02.03a Define energy and work, and describe some types of energy.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
38. The breakdown of glycogen (an energy-storage compound) is an example of a(n) __________ reaction. 
A. exergonic
B. endergonic
C. exchange
D. synthesis
E. equilibrium

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism.
HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism.
Learning Outcome: 02.03c List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
39. Potential energy stored in bonds is released as __________ energy. 
A. electromagnetic
B. electrical
C. chemical
D. heat
E. kinetic

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism.
HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism.
Learning Outcome: 02.03c List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
40.  The breakdown of glucose to yield carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ATP can be described as __________.  
A.  anabolic and endergonic 
B.  catabolic and exergonic 
C.  anabolic and exergonic 
D.  catabolic and endergonic 
E.  anabolic and exothermic 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism.
HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism.
Learning Outcome: 02.03e Define metabolism and its two subdivisions.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
41.  Which one of the following would not increase the rate of a reaction?  
A.  An increase in reactant concentrations 
B.  A rise in temperature 
C.  The presence of a catalyst 
D.  The presence of an enzyme 
E.  A decrease in reactant concentrations 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.03d Identify the factors that govern the speed and direction of a reaction.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
42.  Which of the following terms encompasses all of the other ones?  
A.  Catabolism 
B.  Anabolism 
C.  Metabolism 
D.  Oxidation reactions 
E.  Reduction reactions 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism.
HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism.
Learning Outcome: 02.03e Define metabolism and its two subdivisions.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
43. The breakdown of starch by digestive enzymes into glucose molecules is a(n) __________ reaction. 
A. synthesis
B. decomposition
C. exchange
D. anabolic
E. reduction

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: O02.01 Define metabolism, anabolism and catabolism.
HAPS Topic: Module O02 Introduction to metabolism.
Learning Outcome: 02.03c List and define the fundamental types of chemical reactions.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
44. Which of the following equations depicts an exchange reaction? 
A. AB  A + B
B. A + B  AB
C. AB + CD  AC + BD
D. AB  A- + B+
E. A + B  AB  C + D

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.03b Understand how chemical reactions are symbolized by chemical equations.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
45. A(n) __________ is a group of atoms that determines many of the properties of an organic molecule. 
A. carboxyl group
B. functional group
C. hydroxyl group
D. amino group
E. phosphate group

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04a Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04b Identify some common functional groups of organic molecules from their formulae.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
46. Which of the following is not an organic compound? 
A. C16H18N3ClS
B. Na2HPO3(H2O)5
C. CH4
D. C3H7O2N

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.01 Define the term organic molecule.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04a Explain why carbon is especially well suited to serve as the structural foundation of many biological molecules.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
47. A __________ reaction breaks a __________ down into its monomers. 
A. hydrolysis; polymer
B. dehydration synthesis; molecule
C. dehydration synthesis; polymer
D. polymer; molecule
E. condensation; reactant

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04c Discuss the relevance of polymers to biology and explain how they are formed and broken by dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
48. The formula of an amino group is __________; the formula of a carboxyl group is __________. 
A. -COOH; -OH
B. -CH3; -NH2
C. -OH; -SH
D. -NH2; -COOH
E. -SH; -H2PO4

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04a Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04b Identify some common functional groups of organic molecules from their formulae.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
49. Table sugar is a disaccharide called __________ and is made up of the monomer(s) __________. 
A. maltose; glucose and sucrose
B. sucrose; glucose and fructose
C. lactose; glucose and galactose
D. glycogen; glucose and fructose
E. glucose; galactose and fructose

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04a Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04d Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
50. Which of the following is a disaccharide? 
A. Galactose
B. Lactose
C. Glucose
D. Fructose
E. Amylose

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04a Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04d Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
51. __________ is a monosaccharide, whereas __________ is a polysaccharide. 
A. Fructose; sucrose
B. Galactose; maltose
C. Lactose; glycogen
D. Glucose; starch
E. Cellulose; glucose

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04c Provide specific examples of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04d Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
52. In general, __________ have a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen. 
A. enzymes
B. proteins
C. lipids
D. carbohydrates
E. nucleic acids

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04b Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04d Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
53. Proteoglycans are composed of __________. 
A. carbohydrates and fats
B. nucleic acids and fats
C. carbohydrates and proteins
D. proteins and fats
E. nucleic acids and proteins

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04c Provide specific examples of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04d Discuss the types and functions of carbohydrates.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
54. Triglycerides consist of a 3-carbon compound called __________ bound to three __________. 
A. pyruvate; fatty acids
B. lactic acid; glycerols
C. eicosanoid; steroids
D. glycerol; fatty acids
E. sterol; fatty acids

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04b Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04e Discuss the types and functions of lipids.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
55. __________ are major components of cell membranes, and are said to be __________. 
A. Triglycerides; hydrophobic
B. Steroids; hydrophilic
C. Bile acids; fat-soluble
D. Eicosanoids; water-soluble
E. Phospholipids; amphiphilic

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04c Provide specific examples of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04e Discuss the types and functions of lipids.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
56. Which of these molecules is hydrophobic? 
A. Glucose
B. Cholesterol
C. Amino acid
D. Protein
E. Disaccharide

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04c Provide specific examples of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04e Discuss the types and functions of lipids.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
57. Proteins perform all of the following functions except __________. 
A. catalyze metabolic reactions
B. give structural strength to cells and tissues
C. produce muscular and other forms of movement
D. regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells
E. store hereditary information

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04e Discuss physiological and structural roles in the human body of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04f Discuss protein structure and function.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
58. A drastic conformational change in a protein in response to extreme heat or pH is called __________. 
A. contamination
B. denaturation
C. saturation
D. sedimentation
E. deconformation

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04f Discuss protein structure and function.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
59. Proteins are __________ built from __________ different amino acids. 
A. monomers; 10
B. molecules; 10
C. polymers; 20
D. macromolecules; 40
E. polypeptides; 20

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.05 Describe the four levels of protein structure and discuss the importance of protein shape for protein function.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04f Discuss protein structure and function.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
60. The folding and coiling of a protein into a globular shape is the __________ structure of the protein. 
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. quaternary
E. denatured

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.05 Describe the four levels of protein structure and discuss the importance of protein shape for protein function.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04f Discuss protein structure and function.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
61. An enzyme is substrate-specific because of the shape of its __________. 
A. active site
B. receptor
C. secondary structure
D. terminal amino acid
E. alpha chain

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.05 Describe the four levels of protein structure and discuss the importance of protein shape for protein function.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04g Explain how enzymes function.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
62. __________ is the substrate of __________. 
A. Glucose; lactose
B. Lactase; glucose
C. Lactose; lactase
D. Galactose; lactose
E. Sucrase; sucrose

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04g Explain how enzymes function.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
63. All enzymes are __________. 
A. cofactors
B. proteins
C. lipids
D. carbohydrates
E. nucleic acids

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04g Explain how enzymes function.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
64. Nucleic acids are __________ of __________. 
A. monomers; monosaccharides
B. monomers; ATP
C. polymers; nucleotides
D. polymers; cAMP
E. polymers; DNA

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04a Identify the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04j Identify the principal types of nucleic acids.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
65. ATP__________ endergonic and exergonic reactions. 
A. opposes
B. decomposes
C. reduces
D. links
E. dehydrates

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.
HAPS Topic: Module C05 Energy transfer using ATP.
Learning Outcome: 02.04h Describe the structure, production, and function of ATP.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
66. Minerals are found in all of the following except __________. 
A. bones and teeth
B. vitamins
C. thyroid hormone
D. electrolytes

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: O01.01e List the important dietary minerals and describe the major uses of each mineral in the body.
HAPS Topic: Module O01 Nutrition.
Learning Outcome: 02.01c State the functions of minerals in the body.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
67. An atom with 12 electrons, 13 neutrons, and 11 protons is a(n) __________. 
A. anion
B. cation
C. free radical
D. isotope

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C01.02 Compare and contrast the terms ions, electrolytes, free radicals, isotopes and radioisotopes.
HAPS Topic: Module C01 Atoms and molecules.
Learning Outcome: 02.01e Distinguish between ions, electrolytes, and free radicals.
Section: 02.01
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
68.  The concentration of a solution may be expressed by all of the following except _________.  
A.  weight per volume 
B.  percentage 
C.  molarity 
D.  pH 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C03.02 Distinguish among the terms solution, solute, solvent, colloid suspension, and emulsion.
HAPS Topic: Module C03 Inorganic compounds and solutions.
Learning Outcome: 02.02d Discuss some ways in which the concentration of a solution can be expressed, and explain why different expressions of concentration are used for different purposes.
Section: 02.02
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
69.  The vibration of an ear drum is an example of __________ energy.  
A.  kinetic 
B.  potential 
C.  elastic 
D.  radiant 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C05.01 Describe the generalized reversible reaction for release of energy from ATP and explain the role of ATP in the cell.
HAPS Topic: Module C05 Energy transfer using ATP.
Learning Outcome: 02.03a Define energy and work, and describe some types of energy.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
70.  In the following reaction, what is(are) the product(s)?  CO2 + H2O ---> H2CO3  
A.  H2CO3 
B.  CO2 and H2O 
C.  CO2 and H2CO3 
D.  H2O and H2CO3 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.03b Understand how chemical reactions are symbolized by chemical equations.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
71.  Which of the following will increase the rate of a chemical reaction?  
A.  An increase in reactant concentration 
B.  An increase in product concentration 
C.  A decreased temperature 
D.  Enzyme inhibition 

Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.06 Demonstrate factors that affect enzyme activity, including denaturation, and interpret graphs showing the effects of various factors on the rate of enzyme- catalyzed reactions.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.03d Identify the factors that govern the speed and direction of a reaction.
Section: 02.03
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
72.  Carbon is very versatile in forming bonds with other atoms because it has __________ valence electrons.  
A.  four 
B.  two 
C.  eight 
D.  six 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.01 Define the term organic molecule.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04a Explain why carbon is especially well suited to serve as the structural foundation of many biological molecules.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life

 
73. Amylase is a digestive enzyme that breaks starches down into sugars through __________ reactions. 
A. hydrolysis
B. dehydration synthesis
C. anabolic
D. endergonic

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.03 Define and give examples of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis reactions.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04c Discuss the relevance of polymers to biology and explain how they are formed and broken by dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life
 
74. Which of the following is not a nucleotide? 
A. RNA
B. GTP
C. ATP
D. cAMP

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
HAPS Objective: C04.04b Compare and contrast general molecular structure of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
HAPS Topic: Module C04 Organic compounds.
Learning Outcome: 02.04j Identify the principal types of nucleic acids.
Section: 02.04
Topic: The Chemistry of Life